What is theRock Cycle?
What are the 3 main processes implied in the Rock Cycle?
What are the 3 main types of Rocks? Write one example of each.
Monday, 28 March 2016
Earth´s Internal Energy
https://docs.google.com/presentation/d/1pAWnyKLheLPaxw13XzkGyzOwga7uGLryIXl-6YQM49I/edit?usp=sharing
Drawing: Draw a volcano and label its parts.
QUESTION:
What are the materials expelled by a volcano?
Make a TABLE to relate these concepts:
- Types of volcanoes (Hawaiian / Strombolian / Pelean ::::: Lava Vicosity / Type eruption / example)
Look for a map of Spain and mark where is:
· Volcanic activity.· Seismic activity.
Introduction to Earthquakes
How are Earthquakes formed?
How does a seismograph work?
What is the Hypocentre and what is the focus of an Earthquake?
Define the following terms:
- Hypocenter
- Epicenter
- Intensity
- Magnitude
ANSWER:
What is the difference between Intensity and Magnitude?
How can we know about the interior of the Earth?
What is the difference between P and S waves?
Continental Drift: Alfred Wegener Song by The Amoeba People
Research Work about Alfred Wegener:
Who was Alfred Wegener?- What was his job?
- Why is he famous?
- When did he proposed his theory?
- How did he die? Where? and When?
- What evidences did he presented to support his theory?
- What was incomplete in his theory?
- Find a couple of pictures of Wegener and include the web they come from.
HOW TO SOLVE GENETICS PROBLEMS
https://3d4f1c18-a-540032b2-s-sites.googlegroups.com/a/iespedrodeluna.es/departamentobiogeo/recursos/biblioteca-virtual/genetics_problems.pdf?attachauth=ANoY7cot9wMmvo3Q_3EjYpLaF4eJBcuxQ37gUnBKk_Qk5xsPrQph_JTThzCkteYuNAuJC3xAbLJq_LnZvfRi8Vup9J81dIuahxVWrx2kWRTgk79vbmRtx8LQx07KZd8jTpzoL_mhh0P34TbhnRro2uMfWVv7kVNmzQzeRKjWWNa0p6-033lpXtg9qYnTvKR0uspDPWlSIqr39M_SsCD3ve0BikvdUhxrwGtRAqXP-3WwvtFWsfbqSAYgYo3kRZxySLgMJ5dWHf31d0vn3pe8q4JhaAtoJ-1ZKQ%3D%3D&attredirects=0
1. Read the problem.
2. Determine what traits are dominant and which are recessive. Often you must
marshal background knowledge to do this – which may not be explicitly mentioned in
the problem.
3. Are any letters assigned to the genes? If not, make some up. We usually take
the dominant characteristic and use the first letter of that word. For example, if
polydactyly ( extra fingers ) is dominant over the normal five–fingered condition , we
would pick P for the dominant gene, and small p for the recessive normal allele.
4. Determine, if possible, the genotypes of the parents. In 9 out of 10 problems this
information is given, or at least implied. Sometimes you have to deduce it from
other information given. Write it down so that you can remember what it is, e.g. Pp.
5. Determine all the possible kinds of gametes that can be made by each parent. Be
careful, remember that a gamete can ordinarily receive only one gene of a pair of
alleles. This is the part that most people have trouble with! e.g. P p.
6. Make a Punnett square, using each of the gametes for one parent across the top
of each column, those of the other parent go vertically. If you have done step 5
properly you shouldn’t have any trouble with this step.
7. Work the cross carefully.
8. Now read the problem again. Find out exactly what it is asking for. Don’t assume
too much. This is another place where many people get lost.
9. In most problems, these steps should get you through adequately. Some are
slightly altered – for example, if the genotype of one of the parents is unknown, and
that is what the problem wants you to discover. You may assign that parent
something like A_ or __ genotype and see if that helps. Put the offspring
genotypes in the square and work backward. Remember this won’t get all the
problems – there is still nothing like real understanding – but it can help organize
your attack on a genetic problem. and of curse, unless you understand the terms,
such as homozygous, heterozygous, dominant, recessive, allele, and so on, you
cannot begin to think of working problems.
10. Finally, the actual genetic information you need to solve these problems often
appears concealed rather than revealed by the wording of the problem. learn to
translate such a sentence, “Mary is normally pigmented but had an albino father”,
into its logical consequence: “Mary is heterozygous for albinism” and then into “Mary
is Cc”. Notice that, in this kind of a problem you may need to solve several
subsidiary problems before you can proceed with the final solution.
PROBLEMS AND SOLUTIONS....
LOCOMOTIVE SYSTEM
https://quizlet.com/subject/locomotor-system/
http://www.slideshare.net/zombraweb/u5-the-skeletal-and-muscular-systems-fernandobiodeluna
http://www.getbodysmart.com/ap/skeletalsystem/skeleton/menu/menu.html
http://www.getbodysmart.com/ap/muscularsystem/menu/menu.html
http://www.getbodysmart.com/menu.html
http://www.bartleby.com/107/
An anatomy image bank with images from The Sourcebook of Medical Illustration (The Parthenon Publishing Group, P. Cull, ed., 1989) they are copyright-free as long as they are used for educational purposes:
https://cbs.umn.edu/jensen/home
http://www.anatomyarcade.com/games/PAM/PAM.html
http://www.slideshare.net/zombraweb/u5-the-skeletal-and-muscular-systems-fernandobiodeluna
If you are one of those students with a photographic memory then this “Skeleton Typogram” gives you the oportunity to learn the main bones just in a look.
(Work by “Aaron Kuehn
http://www.getbodysmart.com/ap/skeletalsystem/skeleton/menu/menu.html
http://www.getbodysmart.com/ap/muscularsystem/menu/menu.html
http://www.getbodysmart.com/menu.html
http://www.bartleby.com/107/
An anatomy image bank with images from The Sourcebook of Medical Illustration (The Parthenon Publishing Group, P. Cull, ed., 1989) they are copyright-free as long as they are used for educational purposes:
https://cbs.umn.edu/jensen/home
http://www.anatomyarcade.com/games/PAM/PAM.html
Thursday, 17 March 2016
Muscular system 3ºB
This webquest will have you examining the muscular system, its
functions, and how it effects the rest of the body systems. You will be
learning not only the terms of the anatomy but how muscles work
together to let you do all the fun activities you enjoy each day!
WEBQUEST
http://questgarden.com/79/01/0/090325174801/index.htm
WEBQUEST
http://questgarden.com/79/01/0/090325174801/index.htm
Let's Dissect
http://www.bristol.ac.uk/anatomy/elearn/inter/letsdissect.html
Developed by the University of Bristol, Lets Dissect is a brand new teaching resource for secondary schools
Wednesday, 16 March 2016
Sunday, 13 March 2016
Educational itinerary
ENVIRONMENTAL
DEGRADATION IN ALMERÍA
The
Province and city of Almería are important areas of the Mediterranean basin
with respect to their cultural heritage and environmental values.
Desertification
is the environmental problem here. As a
result of the favourable climatic factors, it
has been place for civilizations since Prehistoric times. These
polpulations have been using the natural environment (mining, shepherding,
permanent agriculture...) with a slow but continuous destruction of the natural
resources in these vulnerable Semi-arid ecosystems.
In
addition, the recent and dramatic landscape transformation has resulted in the
destruction of natural habitats and their component species.
In the last
50 years, the area of the city has increased from about 2.5 Km2 to
about 10 Km2 . The municipal
territory occupies 296.21 Km 2. The present population is 193,000.
The urban
area supports 200 vascular plant species, including varieties of palm trees (Phoenix
dactilifera) from North Africa, Jacaranda, Ficus, Tetraclinis
articulata, Anthirrinum hispanicum and the invasive ornamental species Pennisetum setaceum. The typical urban
habitats in the city contain ten important natural or semi-natural coastal,
scrub and grassland habitats of plant communities.
This urban
development is responsible for the landscape deterioration, the increasing in
energy and water comsumption, in atmospheric pollution and solid urban waste
and loss of green areas.
The
predominant traditional agriculture system of family farms has been replaced by
intensive agriculture, greenhouse and built development. This activity is
depleting the aquifers, increasing the marine intrusion and raising salt levels
in the soil. That is how this area becomes desertified.
On top of
this, the current development model based in the tourism demand increases the
consumption, the pressure on natural resources, the landscape alteration and
the loss of cultural identity.
In order to
palliate this negative impact on the natural protected areas , different
measures have to be adopted for the preservation of the ZEPA (Zonas de Especial
Protección para las Aves) areas and Natural Protected Places( Sierra Alhamilla,
Desierto de Tabernas,Cabo de Gata-Níjar, Parajes Naturales de Alborán) and the
high ecological value of plant and animal species and habitats they include.
http://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-0-387-89684-7_1?no-access=true
http://www.botanical-online.com/animales/fauna_urbana.htm
http://www.xtec.cat/~rsanto/esp/index-esp.htm
http://aves.desdeinter.net/espespaA.htm
http://www.iucnredlist.org/about
http://www.iucnredlist.org/details/184948/0
Tuesday, 8 March 2016
Monday, 7 March 2016
Sunday, 6 March 2016
Cabo de Gata. Geology. Rodalquilar.
http://www.sanjosespain.com/webdocs/docs/cabodegatageology.pdf
http://visit-andalucia.com/rodalquilar-a-gold-mine-in-almeria/
Rodalquilar sits in the centre of an oval shaped caldera with a diameter of 8 kilometres from east to west and 4 kilometres north to south that was formed about 11 million years ago when the magma chamber beneath a volcano collapsed ejecting about one cubic kilometre of igneous material. This is a relatively small collapse, there have been some over the last 4 billion years where the ejected material has been as much as one thousand cubic kilometres.
The gold mines:
The igneous material contains various minerals concentrated in veins in fissures. Those minerals arrived there as a result of hydrothermal processes. After the magma chamber collapsed the remaining magma was trapped a few kilometres beneath the surface. This magma heated the surrounding rock to between 400 and 500 degrees Celsius. The magma also released acidic gases and fluids, primarily hydrochloric and sulphuric. These fluids, under immense pressure, were forced up through the rock dissolving minerals from the rock as they went. As they neared the surface they encountered water either from subterranean sources or of marine origin. This further cooled and diluted the acidic fluids and resulted in crystals of the minerals being carried by the fluids precipitating out in fissures and fractures. The remaining gases reached the surface in two places, a fumerole called Cinto and one called Los Tolles, both in the Rodalquilar caldera. The minerals deposited about 10.4 million years ago included gold.
<iframe src="https://player.vimeo.com/video/119434639" width="500" height="314" frameborder="0" webkitallowfullscreen mozallowfullscreen allowfullscreen></iframe>
The Albardinal Botanic Garden:
http://waste.ideal.es/albardinar.htm
Objetivos del jardín
Los objetivos a cumplir por el jardín Botánico El Albardinal dentro de la Red de Jardines Botánicos son:
- Representación de la flora del sector Almeriense.
- Conservación de la flora amenzada y endémica del sector Almeriense.
- Educación ambiental.
- Uso público.
http://visit-andalucia.com/rodalquilar-a-gold-mine-in-almeria/
Rodalquilar sits in the centre of an oval shaped caldera with a diameter of 8 kilometres from east to west and 4 kilometres north to south that was formed about 11 million years ago when the magma chamber beneath a volcano collapsed ejecting about one cubic kilometre of igneous material. This is a relatively small collapse, there have been some over the last 4 billion years where the ejected material has been as much as one thousand cubic kilometres.
The gold mines:
The igneous material contains various minerals concentrated in veins in fissures. Those minerals arrived there as a result of hydrothermal processes. After the magma chamber collapsed the remaining magma was trapped a few kilometres beneath the surface. This magma heated the surrounding rock to between 400 and 500 degrees Celsius. The magma also released acidic gases and fluids, primarily hydrochloric and sulphuric. These fluids, under immense pressure, were forced up through the rock dissolving minerals from the rock as they went. As they neared the surface they encountered water either from subterranean sources or of marine origin. This further cooled and diluted the acidic fluids and resulted in crystals of the minerals being carried by the fluids precipitating out in fissures and fractures. The remaining gases reached the surface in two places, a fumerole called Cinto and one called Los Tolles, both in the Rodalquilar caldera. The minerals deposited about 10.4 million years ago included gold.
<iframe src="https://player.vimeo.com/video/119434639" width="500" height="314" frameborder="0" webkitallowfullscreen mozallowfullscreen allowfullscreen></iframe>
The Albardinal Botanic Garden:
http://waste.ideal.es/albardinar.htm
Objetivos del jardín
Los objetivos a cumplir por el jardín Botánico El Albardinal dentro de la Red de Jardines Botánicos son:
- Representación de la flora del sector Almeriense.
- Conservación de la flora amenzada y endémica del sector Almeriense.
- Educación ambiental.
- Uso público.
El jardín
Se llama el Albardinar en honor a el Albardín, una planta frecuente en la zona, muy adpatada a suelos de escasísima humedad y gran salinidad. Esta planta es similar al esparto. El jardín se ha creado manteniendo una gran parte tal y como estaba en su estado natural, y otra en la que se han ubicado parterres y espacios par arepresentar la flora de la provincia de Almería y el sureste español. Se ha dividido en sectores:
Vegetación serial: Representa las formaciones vegetales exclusivas de las zonas semiáridas de la Península Ibérica.Vegetación Azonal: Se desarrola cuando las condiciones de sequía, suelo, salinidad,... dominan sobre las condiciones ambientales del lugar.
Cultivos tradicionales: Son el resultado de la intensa actividad desarrollada por el hombre que ha sabido sacar provecho que la naturaleza les ofrecía.
Palmeras, cactáceas y crasuláceas: exposición de especies originarias de otras partes del mundo, adaptadas a vivir en condiciones de aridez extrema.
CABO DE GATA-NÍJAR NATURAL PARK
CABO DE GATA-NIJAR NATURAL PARK
Established in 1987, the Cabo de Gata-Níjar Natural Park includes a
37,500-hectare terrestrial component, spread out over the municipalities of
Almería, Carboneras and Níjar, and a 12,012-hectare protected marine area. Offering
amazing landscapes, unique in Europe, this park teems with a wide variety of
life forms. Volcanic rock formations, areas of steppe and dry riverbeds extend
as far as the coast. This was the
first Maritime and Terrestrial Natural Park in the Iberian Peninsula, and it is
the most extensive protected marine area in continental Europe, wherehuman
activity is restricted in favour of conservation. In 2001 it was declared a
Specially Protected Area of Mediterranean Importance (SPAMI).
The Cabo de Gata-Nijar Natural Park is the driest
place in Europe. Rain seldom falls here and, moreover, is irregular: half the
year’s total rainfall can occur in a single day. Both temperatures and the
number of hours of sunshine are very high. As if this were not enough, the
prevailing winds here are dry and come from the south and southwest. In short,
this is a subdesertic climate. The plants that colonise the area display a
series of adaptations to these climatic conditions.
Moreover, we can see the
Park’s two main peculiarities in terms of water: the barrier effect the Baetic
Mountain Range has on the clouds coming from the Atlantic and the occult
precipitation, a kind of sea fog, which brings moisture to the coastal areas.
THE CABO DE GATA GEOPARK
The Cabo de Gata Geopark
belongs to the European Geopark Network (EGN), under the auspices of UNESCO.
The EGN includes areas with an important geological heritage and helps find
strategies to ensure their sustainable development.
The Cabo de Gata Geopark is
one of the best examples of Neogene fossil volcanism in the southeast of the
Iberian Peninsula. It allows visitors to walk through an open-air geological
museum amongst volcanic calderas and domes, columnar joints, lava flows,
fossilised sand dunes and coral reefs, etc. This allows us to reconstruct the
recent history of the Mediterranean.
The Sierra de Cabo de Gata.
The Sierra de Cabo de Gata is one of the most unusual
fossil volcanic sites in Europe and the largest volcanic element in SE Spain.
Moreover, the current relief is the result of the
action of erosive agents on these rock formations: the sea, torrential rains,
the wind… have all left their mark on the landscape.
The Sierra de Cabo de
Gata is an individual mountain range, different to the others, formed from
volcanic rocks during two stages of volcanicity, one from approximately 14 to
10 million years ago and the other from 9 to 7.5 million years ago. In reality,
they represent only a small percentage of rocks of this nature, constituting
the bottom of the Alboran seafloor and extending to Melilla, outcropping discretely
in the Isla de Alboran.
Volcanic rocks from this area
formed a landscape of volcanoes, submarine or emergent, individual or grouped,
to form small islands.
These volcanic structures are
recognisable in the terrain of Cabo de Gata, in many cases, where they are seen
to form steep, more or less conical hills in the area: Los Frailes, Mesa de
Roldan, Cerro de los Lobos, La Tortola, etc. Brecciated volcanic rocks (formed
from fragments of different composition or aspect) are very abundant, resulting
from diverse volcanic processes: differential cooling of distinct parts of lava
flows, eruptions, nuee ardentes, avalanches down the sides of volcanoes, etc.
Depressions
The rocks that occupy the
low-lying areas of the Almerían landscape, Modern depressions such as the
Almanzora Valley, Andarax Valley, Tabernas, Sorbas Basin, Campo de Níjar plain
or El Poniente, consists of geologically young material, accumulated in the
last 15 million years, while the Mediterranean Sea was surrounded the mountains and the volcanoes
of Cabo de Gata forming a small archipelago. The Betic mountains, and in
general all of the Iberian Peninsula, were uplifted from the depths of the
Mediterranean Sea in these marine inlets the products of Sedimentary erosion of
the emerged land accumulated: boulders, pebbles, gravel, sand and mud.
Limestone rocks also formed from the accumulation of the remains of marine
creatures. In a changing global climate, the
region passed through cold and
much warmer periods.
In the warm periods, the
seawater temperature (in the western Mediterranean) was similar to those of the
tropics today, in the order of 20º C, and coral reefs developed along the
margins of islands and emerged lands. Theses coral reefs, like those of Purchena,
Cariatiz, Nijar, Mesa Roldan, etc., are amongst the best fossil examples that
exist in the world.
In colder periods, the western
Mediterranean had a temperature similar to today, and limestones were formed
from the remains of red algae, bryozoans, molluscs etc., like those occurring
on the actual seafloor of the platform that encircles Cabo de Gata. These
conditions, or yet colder ones, prevailed in the region from 5 million years
ago.
The coastal strip
The coastal steppe, dunes and the former lagoons, which were turned into
saltpans and surrounded by an area of tamarisk and common reed beds, are the
main natural habitats in this part of the Park. They are populated by different
species of plants particularly adapted to survive in environments with very
high concentrations of salt: halophytes. A very important plant in this
environment is the jujube species Ziziphus lotus, a large shrub that is home to an important animal and plant community. They are one of the few
examples of harmony between a human activity and the conservation of the
natural balance. Already exploited by the Romans, their location next to the
sea facilitates the direct entry of water with the prevailing westerly winds.
The key factor behind the biodiversity of the saltpans
is that a relatively stable water level is maintained throughout the year, unlike
the situation that occurs in most of the natural lagoons in Andalusia, which
dry out in summer. The diversity and large number of living organisms in such a
unique environment varies, over the course of the seasons, depending on the
characteristics of the different pools.
THE SEA
“Beneath the waves, the
semidesertic land gives way to a tropical exuberance: vast meadows, home to
numerous organisms, and rocks where every last nook and cranny is inhabited. An
explosion of life that takes on all the shapes and colours imaginable.”
Its marine beds have extensive
meadows of posidonea. This plant is similar to green algae, and its
proliferation gives rise to real underwater forests that are home to a wide
variety of marine fauna: crabs, octopus and fish, including the pen shell, the
biggest endangered bivalve in the Mediterranean, considered to be a real
natural gem. Buried in the plains of sand and mud there is a wealth of varied
fauna - small but vital to the health of the ecosystem as a whole. The rocky sea
beds demonstrate extraordinary changes in shape and colour: algae, false corral
and a wide variety of fish, including the grouper, also known as "rey del
roquedo" (king of the rock fish).
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