HUMAN REPRODUCTION

Pregnancy and birth

PRÁCTICA 2: REPRODUCCIÓN Y DESARROLLO EMBRIONARIO EN PLANTAS

MATERIAL:
Semillas de lentejas, judías o garbanzos
Algodón.
8 vasos de plástico

INTRODUCCIÓN
 El objetivo de la reproducción es la formación de nuevos seres vivos y que la información genética vaya pasando a sucesivas generaciones. Existen 2 tipos de reproducción: la asexual (en la que no hay intercambio de información genética y se produce gracias a la mitosis) y la sexual (en la que sí se produce intercambio de información genética gracias a la existencia de distinto sexo y al proceso de la meiosis). Los organismos que realizan reproducción sexual necesitan un mecanismo por el cual sus gametos o células sexuales se unan y originen una nueva célula denominada zigoto. Este proceso es conocido como fecundación. En las plantas pueden aparecer casos de reproducción asexual y también de reproducción sexual. En el caso de la reproducción sexual hay una fase de la vida de la planta en la que se desarrolla el embrión (formado gracias a la fecundación de un óvulo procedente del pistilo y de un espermatozoide procedente del estambre) para formar una nueva planta adulta. Esta fase es la que se conoce como germinación de la semilla. La germinación comienza el crecimiento del embrión cuando las condiciones externas son favorables, es decir, que favorezcan la aparición de la vida. Estas condiciones son: cantidad de agua apropiada, temperatura y oxígeno.

DESARROLLO EXPERIMENTAL
 1. Señala los 8 vasos de la siguiente manera: 1 A, 2 A, 3 A, 4 A, 1 B, 2 B, 3 B, 4 B.
 2. Coloca 5 semillas en el fondo de los vasos 1 A y 1 B y llénalos con algodón seco.
 3. Coloca 5 semillas en el fondo de los vasos 2 A y 2 B y llénalos con algodón, pero esta vez empapado en agua.
 4. Llena los vasos 3 A y 3 B de algodón seco y a continuación coloca 5 semillas entre ese algodón y la parte alta de las paredes de cada vaso.
5. Llena los vasos 4 A y 4 B de algodón empapado en agua y a continuación coloca 5 semillas entre ese algodón y la parte alta de las paredes de cada vaso.
6. Coloca todos los vasos que tienen la letra A en un lugar frío (frigorífico...)y los que tienen la letra B en un lugar caliente.
7. Observa de manera diaria durante 2 semanas las semillas de cada vaso. Añade agua a los algodones que la necesiten.
8. Ve anotando día a día lo que vas observando.

CUESTIONES
a) Explica en qué consiste la función de reproducción.
 b) Diferencia la reproducción sexual de la reproducción sexual.
c) Haz una tabla donde anotes las observaciones de cada uno de los vasos con su fecha.
 d) ¿Influye la temperatura en el proceso de la germinación?
e) ¿Germinaron las semillas que había en los vasos sin agua?
f) ¿Se necesita el oxígeno para el proceso de la germinación?

CONCLUSIONES
• La función de reproducción permite:……………….
• Diferenciamos reproducción asexual y reproducción …...
• El proceso de la germinación es el que permite el desarrollo del ………., formado en la reproducción sexual tras el proceso de la …………….. (unión de los gametos masculino y femenino. • Se define desarrollo embrionario como el proceso por el cual a partir de un zigoto, se desarrolla un ………...
PARA SABER MÁS

 Web interesante con contenidos variados, actividades y animaciones varias: http://recursostic.educacion.es/ciencias/biosfera/web/alumno/1bachillerato/reino_vegetal/co ntenidos11.htm
 Página muy interesante con términos botánicos, curiosidades sobre plantas, artículos, crucigramas, animaciones, actividades interactivas:
 http://botanical-online.com/botanica2.htm 

games

https://view.genial.ly/5b6ac017e420a46d88addd1c/interactive-content-una-maquina-perfecta

Reproductive System

https://www.innerbody.com/image/repmov.html

https://youtu.be/sOVpgmxBiqY

https://www.innerbody.com/image/repfov.html

Your contraception guide

https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/contraception/what-is-contraception/

https://www.plannedparenthood.org/

https://youtu.be/KLU3cruEXlo

Human reproduction

Menstruation in Kenya

Sexual health.

http://kidshealth.org/en/teens/sexual-health/#catguys

Learn the facts about sexual health with articles about puberty, menstruation, infections, and just about everything else you wanted to know, for guys and girls.

https://www.healthychildren.org/English/health-issues/conditions/sexually-transmitted/Pages/default.aspx 

https://www.acog.org/-/media/For-Patients/faq112.pdf

http://www.cdc.gov/reproductivehealth/unintendedpregnancy/pdf/contraceptive_methods_508.pdf

http://teachers.teachingsexualhealth.ca/wp-content/uploads/CALM-Contraception-Lesson-2.pdf

//www.healthychildren.org/English/health-issues/conditions/sexually-transmitted/Pages/Sexually-Transmitted-Infections-Prevention.aspx

Sexually Transmitted Infections Prevention

Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) are infections that are spread by sexual contact. While the incidence of reported STIs has actually declined in the United States in the last decade, the number of these infections in children and teenagers is still very high. About 25% of teenagers will have an STI before they graduate from high school.

Bacteria or viruses cause STIs. Any person who has sex with another person can get them. While STI symptoms can range from mild irritation and soreness to severe pain, many times there are no symptoms at all. The STI called chlamydia, for example, is generally symptom free or causes only mild symptoms. The diagnosis may not be made until complications develop.

Teenagers and young adults have higher rates of STIs than any other age group. One of the main reasons is that they frequently have unprotected sex. They are also biologically more likely to develop an infection. In addition, they may be less likely to use health care services that could give them information on how to protect themselves against STIs.

Prevention of STIs

The best way for teenagers to prevent STIs is to not have sexual intercourse. They should understand that when they choose to have sex, it is a decision that could affect them for the rest of their lives. Teenagers need to know that having sex could lead to pregnancy or an STI. Be certain that your teenager understands the risks. For example, make sure she knows that acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), which is caused by human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), is a leading cause of death in people aged 15 to 24 years. The presence of other STIs such as chlamydia, herpes, gonorrhea, and syphilis can increase the chance of getting an HIV infection. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, people with STIs have at least 2 to 5 times the risk of acquiring HIV through sexual contact.

Sexually transmitted infections can also cause pelvic inflammatory disease in women (an infection of the uterus and fallopian tubes) and epididymitis in men (inflammation of the coiled tube beside the testes). Complications from STIs can lead to infertility or an ectopic pregnancy (a fertilized egg that grows outside the womb). If a woman is pregnant, an STI can infect her baby.

Teenagers may face peer pressure to have sex. They need to understand that they can resist that pressure, and it’s OK to wait to have sex. Remind your teenager that saying “no” may not be easy at times, but saying “no” today is better than doing something she will regret tomorrow. 

• “I like you a lot, but I’m just not ready to have sex.”
• “You’re really fun to be with, and I wouldn’t want to ruin our relationship with sex.”
• “You’re a great person, but sex isn’t how I prove I like someone.”
• “I want to wait until I’m married to have sex.”

Drugs and alcohol make it more difficult to remain firm about the choice to wait to have sex. Even sexually active teenagers might try high-risk sexual behaviors while drinking alcohol or using drugs.

http://www.fpnsw.org.au/types_of_contraception.pdf

In vitro fertilization:

https://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/anatomyvideos/000074.htm

REPRODUCTION

https://docs.google.com/file/d/0Bx3dvd-kesbEazdualBQWjh3c00/edit?usp=sharing

Asexual Reproduction
When an organism reproduces it makes another organism of the same _________. Some organisms reproduce ________. Cows make more cows and pigs make more pigs. Sexual reproduction combines genes from a mother and a father, making a genetically _________ organism. Other organisms reproduce asexually. In asexual reproduction, all the genes come from a ________ parent. Asexually produced offspring are genetically __________ to the parent. There are many methods1 of asexual reproduction. In some one-celled organisms, _________________ is a method of asexual reproduction. Bacteria cells reproduce through cell division. The cell makes a copy of its _____ then sends the copy into a new bacteria cell. Some bacteria cells can reproduce fast, making a new cell every 20 minutes. Another method of asexual reproduction is budding. Unicellular yeast cells grow new cells off of the ______ of another. When the cell is developed it falls off and a new ________ cell is produced. Some organisms produce offspring by splitting into pieces. A sea anemone can split down the middle resulting in the production of another individual _________ to the original. Some worms if split will continue to live as ______ identical worms. Both sexual and asexual reproduction produce __________. However, asexual reproduction makes genetically ___________ offspring and sexual reproduction makes __________ offspring. Try taking a __________ of a plant. You will be making another that has the same DNA as the parent plant. You just helped the plant to reproduce asexually!
2. ges·ta·tion /jeˈstāSHən/ n. The process of carrying or being carried in the womb between conception and birth.
Vocabulary
Below is a sentence from the video.
Some bacteria cells reproduce fast, making a new cell every 20 minutes.
Select the word that would best replace the word fast. (1) unhurried (2) rapid (3) leisurely (4) rapidly
Questions
1. According to the video, what is the gestation period of a pig? The amount of time a baby pig is in the womb is
2. How could two plants in different locations have the same DNA?


Create Complete the diagram.
Asexual
Sexual


Word Bank

Produce offspring
Genetically unique offspring
Genetically identical offspring
Sperm
Budding

Amniocentesis

Human reproduction. (Revision)

 

http://www.bbc.co.uk/schools/gcsebitesize/science/triple_edexcel/control_systems/menstrual_cycle_fertilisation/revision/4/

Types of contraception

Fertility and In Vitro Fertilization (IVF)

Pregnancy: Weeks 1-4 (Month #1)

Ovulation & the menstrual cycle

Fertilization

Ovulation

The reproduction function.

Firstly, listen and read!
 Learn the facts about sexual health with articles about puberty, menstruation, infections, and everything you wanted to know, for boys and girls:

 http://kidshealth.org/teen/sexual_health/#cat20129

Then, revise, play this game about puberty and take a test:
http://www.bbc.co.uk/bitesize/ks3/science/organisms_behaviour_health/reproduction/revision/1/
Don't forget to send your results!

And visit this interactive site:
http://www.bbc.co.uk/science/humanbody/body/interactives/lifecycle/teenagers/

Hormones in the menstrual cycle:

http://www.bbc.co.uk/schools/gcsebitesize/science/aqa_pre_2011/human/hormonesrev3.shtml

Finally, watch this film and answer the question list:

                                                       INSIDE THE LIVING BODY.
National Geographic Channel takes you beneath your skin to reveal how our bodies evolve from birth to old age, and the amazing biological systems we need to thrive...

WORKSHEET: Inside the Living Body

Birth of baby

1.  Where are the alveoli and how do they work?

2.  What are the benefits of breast milk?

1 month old

3.  How are smells detected?

4.  Where are the smallest bones in the body?

5.  Describe a baby’s vision at 1 month old.

6.  If our eyes see upside down, why do we see right side up?

7.  When do baby’s finally have 20/20 vision?

2 Years

8.  How many words do 2-year-olds learn each day?

5 Years

9.  How do thoughts work?

10.  How does the brain learn?

9 Years

11.  How do we recall memories?

11 Years

12.  What part of the brain controls puberty?

21 Years

13.  Why do we look and feel better in our 20’s than any other time in our lives?

14.  How often do our tissues regenerate?

15.  How much hair do we grow every year?

16.  How does exercise help condition the heart and lungs?

45 Years

17.  How much dust have we created by 45 years old?

18.  What chemical in our body degrades and causes wrinkles?

19.  How do our eyes change when we age?

20.  Why do we gain weight as we get older?

50 years

21.  What happens when we are stressed?

22.  What is a stroke?

23.  What happens during menopause?

70 Years

24.  How much does our brain shrink by 70?

25.  How does our hearing decrease?

26.  What happens every time our cells divide?

27.  What is the last sense to go when we die?

28.  How long does it take for our skin cells and brain cells to die?

Don't forget to send your results!

Reproduction

http://www.slideshare.net/martagar78/reproduction-15920746

https://docs.google.com/file/d/0BzRJteJjM7m_MTE4Njg3Y2UtYjI5NC00MzFhLThiNjItNDRkMDZiNTEwNzJi/edit?hl=en