1. What is the scientific
method?
It is the process that scientists use to ask
questions and look for answers.
2. Name the 5 steps in the
scientific method.
Observation, hypothesis, experiment, results,
conclusión.
3. What does the hypothesis try
to find and answer?
To the question based on an observation
4. Name five pieces of glass
equipment found in the biology laboratory.
Petri dishes,tests tubes, measuring cilinders,
pipettes, beakers.
5. What is the optical
microscope?
It is an
instrument that helps us to see small organisms or structures not visible to
the nacked eye.
6. Why do we need to have rules
in the laboratory?
To be in a
safe place.
UNIT 1: THE
UNIVERSE
7. What is the universe?
It is made up
of matter, energy and the time and space
that were created When it was formed.
8. What is the Big Bang?
A huge
explosión that created the universe.
9. What is dark energy?
The matter
that scientists cannot directly observe.
10. Where are stars born?
From
protostars formed in a nebula.
11. What are nebulae?
They are
interstellar clouds made uo of gas, dust and stellar debris.
12. What does a Galaxy contain?
It contains
star clusters, nebulae and black holes.
13. What shape does a star have?
Stars are
spherical and luminous bodies.
14. What factors make stars
different from each others?
Color, size,
temperature and brightness.
15. What is a protostar?
It is the
very hot core in a nebula that becomes a star.
16. What is a supernova?
What remains
when a supergiant star expands and explodes.
17. What will happen to the
Earth when the Sun turns into a red giant?
The Sun will expand
and Will became a red giant star that can absorb nearby planets, like the
Earth.
18. What is a planet?
It is a
spherical body that orbit the Sun in an elliptical orbit.
19. How are inner and outer
planets different?
The inner
planets are closest to the Sun, they are rocky small and they have a few
natural satellites. The outer planets are the largest, they are gaseous, they
have a rocky core, planetary rings and lots of satellites.
20. How do dwarf planets differ
from other planets?
They are
smaller tan a planet.
21.What is a natural satellite?
Smaller body
that orbit planets and also receives light from the Sun.
22. What are comets?
They are
celestial bodies that have highly elliptical orbits, made up of ice, dust,
methane and ammonia.
23. Where are most of the
asteroids found?
In the
asteroid belt between Mars and Jupiter.
24. What is a shooting star?
They are
meteorites that disintegrate when enter the atmosphere.
UNIT 2: THE
EARTH AND THE MOON
25. What is the name of our
Galaxy?
Milky way
26. What is rotation of the
Earth?
It is the
movement around its own axis in an anticlockwise direction.
27. What is the revolution
movement of the Earth?
The movement
around the Sun.
28. Give three reasons why the
atmosphere is important for life on Earth.
It contains
the gases necessary for life., prevents heat loss at night, and protect us from the dangerous radiations.
29. Name the four spheres in
the Earth.
Atmosphere,
Biosphere, Geosphere, Hydrosphere.
30. What is an eclipse?
It is an
astronomical event where one celestial body partially or completely hides
another one.
31. What are tides? What causes
them?
Tides are the
rise and fall movements of the sea caused by the gravitational force exerted by
the Sun and the Moon on the Earth.
UNIT 3: THE
GEOSPHERE
31. What do the scientist
analyse to know how the Earth is like inside?
The seismic
waves from earthquakes.
32. Name the 3 layers of the
Earth.
Crust,
Mantle, Core.
33. Say the two types of crust.
Continental
crust and oceanic crust.
34. Why is the outer core
liquid?
Because of
the high pressure and temperature (4,000ºC)
35. What is a mineral?
A mineral is
a solid inorganic substance formed by natural processes, with a fixed chemical
composition and a crystallyne structure.
36. Say three examples of
minerals.
Pyrite,
diamond, quartz.
37. How do we measure hardness?
The
resistance that the mineral offers to being scratched is measured using the
Mohs scale.
38. What are rocks?
Rocks are
materials that consist of minerals,
39. How many types of
sedimentary rocks are there?
Detrital,
saline or limestone.
40. What is the difference
between magma and lava?
Lava is the
magma, or molten material from the Earth’s interior, that comes up to the surface
41. What type of volcanic rock
is more abundant?
Basalt
42. What happens to rocks during
metamorphism?
The rocks,
which remain solid, are subjected to high pressure or high temperatures.
43. What is the rock cycle?
It is the
relationship between the three types of rocks and the geological process that create
them.
UNIT 4. THE
ATMOSPHERE
44. What is the atmosphere?
The
atmosphere is the layer of gases that surrounds the Earth.
45. What keeps the atmosphere
attached to the surface of the Earth?
The forcé of
gravity maintains the atmosphere attached to the Earth.
46. What is the most abundant
gas in our atmosphere?
The Nitrogen
is the most abundant gas in the atmosphere.
47. What is the atmospheric
pressure?
It is the
pressure exerted by the mass of the air on the Earth’s surface.
48. Which layer contains the ozone
layer?
The
stratosphere contains the ozone layer.
49. Which layer is the closest
to the Earth?
The
troposphere is the closest to the Earth.
50. Where does the weather take
place?
In the
troposphere.
51. Why is the thermosphere so
hot?
Because of
the absorbption of solar radiation.
52. What types of radiation does
the atmosphere filter?
The dangerous
radiations: X rays, Ultraviolet rays.
53. List three ways in which we
are changing the atmosphere.
The acid
rain, the destruction of the ozone layer and the increase in the greenhouse
gases.
54. What effects can global
warming have on the planet?
Glaciers are
retreating, the Artic cap is melting, the Surface of the Sahara desert is growing,
the sea level is rising,…
55. What are renewable energy
sources?
The renewable
energies come from natural sources that do not run out because they have an
enormous amount of energy or because they can regenerate constantly.
There are many things we can do to help reduce air pollution and global warming. 
Use
buses and trains instead of cars, as they can carry a lot more people
in one journey. This cuts down the amount of pollution produced. 
Walking
or cycling whenever you can will be even better, as it does not create
any pollution. It will also be good for your body, as regular exercise
will keep you fit and healthy.
If
your parents must use the car, ask them to avoid using it for very
short journeys if possible, as this creates unnecessary pollution. 
Try
to encourage them to share their journeys with other people, for
example when they go to work or go shopping. Also encourage them to
drive more slowly as this produces less pollution and less carbon
dioxide. 
Energy
is produced to generate electricity and to keep us warm. Most energy is
produced by the burning of fossil fuels, like coal, oil and gas, which
release carbon dioxide, a greenhouse gas. Fuel burnt in our cars also
releases carbon dioxide. 
As
an individual, you do not have a lot of control on how your energy is
produced. However, you can control the way in which you use that energy.
Using less energy means less of it needs to be produced. So less carbon
dioxide is released into the atmosphere.
We
can also help prevent pollution from our own homes which may contribute
to acid rain and poor air quality, and increases emissions of carbon
dioxide in the atmosphere. Turning off lights when they are not needed
and not wasting electricity will reduce the demand for energy. Less
electricity will need to be produced and so less coal, oil and gas will
have to be burnt in power stations, which means less air pollution and
less carbon dioxide!
Pollution
formed indoors can be reduced by ensuring that all gas appliances are
working correctly. Good ventilation will improve indoor air quality by
dispersing biological pollutants like dust mite, and other pollutants
such as cigarette smoke.
Most
of the rubbish we throw away can be recycled, such as glass bottles and
jars, steel and aluminium cans, plastic bottles and waste paper.
Recycling used materials uses less energy than making new ones. 
Governments
throughout the world have already taken action for these different
environmental problems (i.e. Acid Rain, Air Quality, Ozone Hole, Global
Warming). In their plans they hope to reduce the amount of emissions of
greenhouse gases produced by man.
About half of the greenhouse effect is caused by our use of energy, especially from fossil fuels. 
Other
sources of energy could be used which do not emit carbon dioxide, e.g.
wind power, solar (sun power) and wave power. In the home and at school,
we must learn to use energy efficiently and not waste it.