Complete the following sentences and elaborate by adding at least one additional sentence:
1. Infectious germs can spread from person to person by
2. To stop the spread of an infectious disease, it is important to know
3. People who are responsible for preventing the spread of an infectious disease are
4. I can protect myself from getting infected by germs from other people by
5. If I had an infectious disease without a cure, I would like to be treated by others
How can you help prevent the spread of infectious disease? (5 lines)
Lifestyle Checkup
Answer these questions and score 1 point for every Yes answer:- Do you eat fresh fruit every day?
- Do you eat fresh or cooked vegetables every day?
- Do you eat wholegrain foods (e.g. wholemeal or brown bread, brown rice, cereal) every day?
- Are you trying to eat less fat?
- Are you trying to eat less salt?
- Are you trying to eat less sugar?
- Do you often drink plain water when you are thirsty?
- Are you about the right weight for your height?
- If you are overweight, have you started eating fewer kilojoules and having more exercise?
- Do you take part in regular physical exercise that causes you to breathe harder or sweat?
- Do you take part in this activity for 20 minutes at least 3 times a week?
- Do you get much exercise in the ordinary course of your day?
- Do you get enough satisfying sleep?
- Do you practise a relaxation technique regularly?
- Have you set goals for yourself that are based on things that are most important to you?
- Do you enjoy your work or your regular activities?
- Do you listen carefully to the people who matter to you?
- Do you often let people close to you know that you appreciate them?
- Do you have someone to turn to when the going gets tough?
- If you don't smoke nor drink alcohol, score a point.
16 to 18 points -Excellent. You are doing all the important things for a happy healthy life.
13 to 17 points - Good. You are doing most of the important things.
8 to 12 points - Fair. A bit more attention is needed to improve your lifestyle.
Less than 8 - Poor. There's no time like the present to change bad habits. Check with your doctor first.
Quiz: Disease and Treatment
| 1. A congenital or a hereditary disease is one that: A is able to be transferred from one unrelated person to another B can be passed from a parent to a child by any means C is passed from a parent to a child through genes or during pregnancy |
| 2. Which of the following is not an acquired disease? A influenza B scurvy C haemophilia |
| 3. Infectious diseases can be caused by: A bacteria, viruses and worms B incorrect dietary habits C direct contact between people |
| 4. An example of an infectious disease caused by bacteria is: A influenza B tinea C tetanus |
| 5. An example of an infectious disease caused by a fungus is: A measles B cholera C tinea |
| 6. An example of a viral disease is: A tetanus B influenza C malaria |
| 7. An example of a disease that is spread by droplet transmission is: A influenza B AIDS C malaria |
| 8. An example of a disease that is spread by a vector such as a rat or a mosquito is: A tetanus B Ross River Fever C cholera |
| 9. An example of a disease that is spread as a result of faeces-contaminated food is: Acholera BAIDS Cmumps |
| 10. Antibiotics are ineffective against: Abacteria Bviruses Cfungi |
| 11. Examples of the body's first line of defence against disease are: Awhite blood cells and platelets Bantibodies and red blood cells Ctears and intact skin |
| 12. Examples of the internal defences against disease are: Aantibodies and white blood cells Bred blood cells Cantibiotics and platelets |
| 13. After a person has been exposed to or has suffered from a
disease, that person usually becomes resistant to further infection of
that disease. This is an example of: Apassive immunization Bactive immunization Cvaccination |
| 14. When a baby receives antibodies through the mother's breast milk, this is an example of: Avaccination Bpassive immunization Cactive immunization |
| 15. Regular exercise helps the body by: Astrengthening the heart and lowering blood pressure Bimproving muscle tone by keeping the muscles slightly contracted Cboth of the above |
| TOTAL SCORE: |
Frequently Asked Questions: Disease and Treatment
Q. How many bacteria are on our skin?A. There are 5 million bacteria on every square centimetre of human skin.
Q. What are 'worms'? How do we contract them? How do they make us thinner?
A. 'Worms' are more commonly tapeworms or roundworms. Animals pick them up from contaminated soil of the faeces of other animals. We can also contract them if we don't wash our hands thoroughly with soap after patting animals, and then go to eat. They make us thinner because they find their way to our digestive tract and eat part of our food.
Q. Why are some oral medicines (tablets and capsules) sugar-coated or gelatine-coated?
A. The type of coating determines where the coating will be broken down in the digestive tract, and once it is digested then the inside medication can be used by the body. The type of coating acts as a time delay. Sugar begins to be digested in the mouth and later in the small intestine. Gelatine is a protein which is digested in both the stomach and the small intestine.
Q. Why do we put food in the refrigerator?
A. Lower temperatures slow down the growth of bacteria and fungi that would otherwise decay our food or give us food-poisoning.
Q. Are all bacteria harmful?
A. No. Only some bacteria cause diseases. Many are useful. For example, there are decomposing bacteria that break down dead plant and animal matter and faeces and urine into nutrients that plants can use. Also, some bacteria in our gut make vitamins B and K for us.
Q. Did Egyptians do surgery?
A. The Egyptians were probably the first people to use sophisticated medical methods. They used trepanning, that is, cutting a hole in people's skulls to release the fluid pressure after a head injury. The method is still used today.
They also saved victims of snake and scorpion bites by sucking out the poison and tightly strapping the wound.
Q. What was used in surgery before anaesthetics were invented?
A. Before 1846, there were no anaesthetics used and the patient was still conscious during surgery. Early self-experimentation of nitrous oxide (laughing gas), ether (which is flammable) or chloroform by anaesthetists often resulted in anaesthetists becoming crazy or setting fire to their surgeries.
Q. Is it healthy for people to spit?
A. Rarely. A human swallows half a bucket of saliva each day. The human stomach contains hydrochloric acid that rapidly kills most bacteria that we swallow. The fluids that are expectorated (spat) will simply evaporate for other people to inhale. So, in effect, unless your doctor needs a sputum (spit) sample, there is no need to spit.
Q. Why do people who intend working in remote areas such as Antarctica have appendectomies before going there?
A. There are no facilities as yet to carry out major surgical procedures in this remote place. Ships also are unable to reach the Antarctic during winter.
Q. Why don't we get sick from handling money that hundreds of other people have also touched?
A. Bacteria grow very well in moist, warm conditions particularly where they have food such as protein and some sugars. Money has none of these and is not the most suitable environment for bacteria to flourish.
Q. What type of school lunches in summer will give the least possibility of food poisoning?
A. Since bacteria grow well if proteins and some sugars are present, foods that will not allow a lot of bacterial growth on hot days are fruit and vegetables. Have salad sandwiches without the meat!
Q. Why do paper cuts hurt more than a razor cut?
A. Paper cuts hurt more than a cut with a razor because paper not only cuts but it also tears the skin apart roughly, causing more damage.
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