Let's learn Biology and Geology in English!: December 2018

UNIT 0: HOW DO SCIENTISTS WORK?

1. What is the scientific method?

It is the process that scientists use to ask questions and look for answers.

2. Name the 5 steps in the scientific method.

Observation, hypothesis, experiment, results, conclusión.

3. What does the hypothesis try to find and answer?

To the question based on an observation

4. Name five pieces of glass equipment found in the biology laboratory.

Petri dishes,tests tubes, measuring cilinders, pipettes, beakers.

5. What is the optical microscope?

It is an instrument that helps us to see small organisms or structures not visible to the nacked eye.

6. Why do we need to have rules in the laboratory?

To be in a safe place.

UNIT 1: THE UNIVERSE

7. What is the universe?

It is made up of matter, energy and the time and space that were created When it was formed.

8. What is the Big Bang?

A huge explosión that created the universe.

9. What is dark energy?

The matter that scientists cannot directly observe.

10. Where are stars born?

From protostars formed in a nebula.

11. What are nebulae?

They are interstellar clouds made uo of gas, dust and stellar debris.

12. What does a Galaxy contain?

It contains star clusters, nebulae and black holes.

13. What shape does a star have?

Stars are spherical and luminous bodies.

14. What factors make stars different from each others?

Color, size, temperature and brightness.

15. What is a protostar?

It is the very hot core in a nebula that becomes a star.

16. What is a supernova?

What remains when a supergiant star expands and explodes.

17. What will happen to the Earth when the Sun turns into a red giant?

The Sun will expand and Will became a red giant star that can absorb nearby planets, like the Earth.

18. What is a planet?

It is a spherical body that orbit the Sun in an elliptical orbit.

19. How are inner and outer planets different?

The inner planets are closest to the Sun, they are rocky small and they have a few natural satellites. The outer planets are the largest, they are gaseous, they have a rocky core, planetary rings and lots of satellites.

20. How do dwarf planets differ from other planets?

They are smaller tan a planet.

21.What is a natural satellite?

Smaller body that orbit planets and also receives light from the Sun.

22. What are comets?

They are celestial bodies that have highly elliptical orbits, made up of ice, dust, methane and ammonia.

23. Where are most of the asteroids found?

In the asteroid belt between Mars and Jupiter.

24. What is a shooting star?

They are meteorites that disintegrate when enter the atmosphere.

UNIT 2: THE EARTH AND THE MOON

25. What is the name of our Galaxy?

Milky way

26. What is rotation of the Earth?

It is the movement around its own axis in an anticlockwise direction.

27. What is the revolution movement of the Earth?

The movement around the Sun.

28. Give three reasons why the atmosphere is important for life on Earth.

It contains the gases necessary for life., prevents heat loss at night, and protect us from the dangerous radiations.

29. Name the four spheres in the Earth.

Atmosphere, Biosphere, Geosphere, Hydrosphere.

30. What is an eclipse?

It is an astronomical event where one celestial body partially or completely hides another one.

31. What are tides? What causes them?

Tides are the rise and fall movements of the sea caused by the gravitational force exerted by the Sun and the Moon on the Earth.

UNIT 3: THE GEOSPHERE

31. What do the scientist analyse to know how the Earth is like inside?

The seismic waves from earthquakes.

32. Name the 3 layers of the Earth.

Crust, Mantle, Core.

33. Say the two types of crust.

Continental crust and oceanic crust.

34. Why is the outer core liquid?

Because of the high pressure and temperature (4,000ºC)

35. What is a mineral?

A mineral is a solid inorganic substance formed by natural processes, with a fixed chemical composition and a crystallyne structure.

36. Say three examples of minerals.

Pyrite, diamond, quartz.

37. How do we measure hardness?

The resistance that the mineral offers to being scratched is measured using the Mohs scale.

38. What are rocks?

Rocks are materials that consist of minerals,

39. How many types of sedimentary rocks are there?

Detrital, saline or limestone.

40. What is the difference between magma and lava?

Lava is the magma, or molten material from the Earth’s interior, that comes up to the surface

41. What type of volcanic rock is more abundant?

Basalt

42. What happens to rocks during metamorphism?

The rocks, which remain solid, are subjected to high pressure or high temperatures.

43. What is the rock cycle?

It is the relationship between the three types of rocks and the geological process that create them.

UNIT 4. THE ATMOSPHERE

44. What is the atmosphere?

The atmosphere is the layer of gases that surrounds the Earth.

45. What keeps the atmosphere attached to the surface of the Earth?

The forcé of gravity maintains the atmosphere attached to the Earth.

46. What is the most abundant gas in our atmosphere?

The Nitrogen is the most abundant gas in the atmosphere.

47. What is the atmospheric pressure?

It is the pressure exerted by the mass of the air on the Earth’s surface.

48. Which layer contains the ozone layer?

The stratosphere contains the ozone layer.

49. Which layer is the closest to the Earth?

The troposphere is the closest to the Earth.

50. Where does the weather take place?

In the troposphere.

51. Why is the thermosphere so hot?

Because of the absorbption of solar radiation.

52. What types of radiation does the atmosphere filter?

The dangerous radiations: X rays, Ultraviolet rays.

53. List three ways in which we are changing the atmosphere.

The acid rain, the destruction of the ozone layer and the increase in the greenhouse gases.

54. What effects can global warming have on the planet?

Glaciers are retreating, the Artic cap is melting, the Surface of the Sahara desert is growing, the sea level is rising,…

55. What are renewable energy sources?

The renewable energies come from natural sources that do not run out because they have an enormous amount of energy or because they can regenerate constantly.

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